/*
 * Academic Homepage — warm editorial theme
 * All styles are local. No external fonts, libraries, or tracking scripts.
 */
:root {
  --bg: #f7f7f7;
  --bg-alt: #f0f0f0;
  --ink: #353535;
  --ink-strong: #2b2b2b;
  --ink-muted: #707070;
  --green: #484848;
  --green-dark: #393939;
  --accent: #919191;
  --border: #dcdcdc;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --font-body: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: 'Iowan Old Style', 'Baskerville', 'Palatino Linotype', 'Songti SC', 'STSong', Georgia, serif;
  --max: 1140px;
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 100px; }
body { margin: 0; background: var(--bg); color: var(--ink); font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.7; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font: inherit; }
button, a { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; }
button:focus-visible, a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid #9a9a9a; outline-offset: 4px; }
::selection { background: #e2e2e2; color: var(--ink-strong); }
.shell { width: min(calc(100% - 88px), var(--max)); margin-inline: auto; }
.hidden { display: none !important; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; left: 20px; top: -80px; z-index: 100; background: var(--white); padding: 12px 16px; border: 2px solid var(--green); }
.skip-link:focus { top: 14px; }
.top-rule { height: 5px; background: var(--green-dark); }

/* Navigation */
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 40; background: rgba(247, 247, 247, .95); backdrop-filter: blur(15px); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(53, 53, 53, .10); }
.nav-shell { display: flex; height: 84px; align-items: center; gap: 33px; }
.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 11px; white-space: nowrap; margin-right: auto; }
.brand-symbol { font-size: 34px; color: var(--green); line-height: 1; transform: rotate(-5deg); }
.brand-copy { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.1; gap: 7px; }
.brand-name { font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 23px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.brand-subtitle { color: var(--ink-muted); font-size: 9px; letter-spacing: .24em; font-weight: 700; }
.primary-nav { display: flex; gap: clamp(16px, 2.1vw, 30px); align-items: center; }
.primary-nav a { color: #545454; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; transition: color .15s ease; white-space: nowrap; }
.primary-nav a:hover, .primary-nav a.active { color: var(--green); }
.primary-nav a.active { box-shadow: 0 2px 0 var(--accent); }
.language-toggle { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 7px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 999px; padding: 6px 9px; white-space: nowrap; }
.lang-button { border: 0; background: transparent; font-size: 11px; color: #838383; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .01em; cursor: pointer; padding: 2px 3px; }
.lang-button.active { color: var(--green-dark); }
.language-divider { font-size: 10px; color: #acacac; }
.menu-toggle { display: none; width: 38px; height: 38px; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; gap: 5px; background: none; border: none; padding: 8px; cursor: pointer; }
.menu-toggle span { display: block; height: 1.7px; width: 21px; background: var(--ink); transition: transform .2s, opacity .2s; }

/* Hero: a focused, spacious typography-first composition. */
.hero { padding-top: 92px; padding-bottom: 95px; }
.hero-content { max-width: 800px; margin-inline: auto; }
.eyebrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .17em; font-weight: 700; color: var(--green); text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 35px; }
.eyebrow-line { width: 34px; height: 1px; background: var(--accent); }
.hero-prefix { margin: 0 0 0; color: #6f6f6f; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 27px; font-style: italic; }
.hero-title { margin: 4px 0 0; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-weight: 500; font-size: clamp(66px, 8.1vw, 110px); line-height: 1.07; letter-spacing: -.065em; color: var(--ink-strong); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.hero-other-name { margin: 7px 0 20px; color: #878787; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-size: 30px; letter-spacing: .08em; }
.name-waveform { margin: 0 0 26px; max-width: 530px; width: min(100%, 530px); }
.name-waveform img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.name-waveform figcaption { margin-top: -1px; color: #8c8c8c; font-family: var(--font-serif); font-style: italic; letter-spacing: .025em; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: right; }
.hero-role { margin: 0; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 650; letter-spacing: .004em; color: var(--green-dark); }
.hero-institution { margin: 2px 0 0; color: #7c7c7c; font-size: 14px; }
.hero-intro { margin: 32px 0 26px; max-width: 720px; font-family: var(--font-serif); color: #575757; font-size: clamp(21px, 2.05vw, 27px); line-height: 1.45; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 24px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 23px; font-weight: 650; font-size: 12.5px; min-height: 45px; transition: transform .2s ease, background .2s ease, color .2s ease; }
.button:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.button-dark { padding: 0 19px 0 20px; background: var(--green); border-radius: 2px; color: white; }
.button-dark:hover { background: #323232; }
.button-plain { color: var(--green-dark); border-bottom: 1px solid #9c9c9c; }
.hero-bottom-line { display: inline-flex; gap: 9px; align-items: center; margin-top: 33px; color: #797979; font-size: 11px; }
.status-dot { width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 50%; background: #9a9a9a; box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px #e5e5e5; }
.marquee-divider { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 5px; color: #b7b7b7; font-size: 22px; }
.marquee-divider span:first-child, .marquee-divider span:last-child { display: block; height: 1px; background: var(--border); flex: 1; }

/* Section pattern */
.section { padding-top: 109px; padding-bottom: 103px; }
.section-tinted { background: var(--bg-alt); }
.section-heading { margin-bottom: 43px; }
.section-heading-split { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 40px; }
.section-number { color: #6b6b6b; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .18em; margin: 0 0 18px; }
.section-heading h2 { font: 500 clamp(41px, 4.1vw, 57px)/1.15 var(--font-serif); letter-spacing: -.048em; color: var(--ink-strong); margin: 0; }
.title-dot { color: #989898; }
.section-note { width: min(255px, 100%); margin: 0 0 6px; font-size: 13px; color: #858585; line-height: 1.65; }
.section-footnote { display: flex; gap: 11px; align-items: center; margin-top: 27px; color: #8d8d8d; font-size: 11px; }
.footnote-asterisk { color: var(--green); font-size: 16px; }

/* About */
.about-section { padding-top: 103px; }
.about-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .72fr) minmax(0, 1.4fr); gap: 90px; }
.about-aside { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 19px; }
.side-label { color: var(--green); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .13em; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 26px; }
.profile-facts { margin: 0; }
.profile-facts div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 94px 1fr; gap: 14px; padding: 0 0 19px; }
.profile-facts dt { color: #949494; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.profile-facts dd { margin: -2px 0 0; color: #585858; font-size: 13px; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.about-copy { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 17px; font: 20px/1.9 var(--font-serif); color: #525252; }
.about-copy p { margin: 0 0 20px; }
.about-copy p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Research */
.research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.research-card { min-height: 290px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 24px 26px 22px; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease; }
.research-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(57, 57, 57, .065); }
.research-number { color: #a6a6a6; font: 500 24px var(--font-serif); }
.research-card h3 { font: 500 25px/1.22 var(--font-serif); letter-spacing: -.028em; color: var(--ink-strong); margin: 29px 0 14px; }
.research-card p { color: #797979; margin: 0 0 20px; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.72; }
.research-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; margin-top: auto; }
.research-tags span { font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.3; border: 1px solid #dedede; color: #7a7a7a; padding: 6px 8px; border-radius: 2px; }

/* Publications */
.pub-heading { margin-bottom: 27px; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; white-space: nowrap; color: var(--green); font-weight: 700; font-size: 13px; border-bottom: 1px solid #a3a3a3; padding-bottom: 5px; }
.publication-toolbar { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 15px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 17px 0 18px; }
.publication-toolbar > p { margin: 0; color: #7f7f7f; font-size: 12px; }
.publication-filters { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; align-items: center; }
.filter-button { border: 1px solid transparent; background: transparent; border-radius: 3px; color: #868686; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 650; padding: 7px 11px; cursor: pointer; }
.filter-button:hover { color: var(--green); }
.filter-button.selected { border-color: #d4d4d4; color: var(--green); background: #ededed; }
.publication-list { min-height: 90px; }
.publication-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 28px 0 29px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); }
.publication-item:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); }
.pub-year { font: 500 27px var(--font-serif); color: #9c9c9c; }
.pub-meta { display: flex; gap: 10px; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.pub-type { display: inline-block; font-size: 10px; color: #7a7a7a; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .095em; }
.pub-sample { font-size: 10px; color: #8a8a8a; background: #e9e9e9; padding: 1px 7px; border-radius: 2px; }
.pub-title { font: 500 21px/1.45 var(--font-serif); letter-spacing: -.01em; color: #373737; margin: 0 0 9px; }
.pub-authors { color: #626262; font-size: 12.5px; margin: 0 0 3px; }
.pub-venue { color: #8c8c8c; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; margin: 0; }
.pub-links { display: flex; gap: 15px; margin-top: 11px; }
.pub-links a { color: var(--green); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 750; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.publication-endnote { font-size: 11px; color: #8f8f8f; margin-top: 20px; }
.empty-publications { padding: 34px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); color: #868686; font-size: 13px; }

/* News */
.updates-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .77fr) minmax(0, 1.23fr); gap: 86px; }
.updates-section .section-heading { margin: 0; }
.updates-aside { font-size: 13px; color: #868686; max-width: 260px; margin: 25px 0 0; }
.updates-list { border-top: 1px solid #d6d6d6; }
.update-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 110px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; border-bottom: 1px solid #d6d6d6; padding: 21px 0 23px; }
.update-date { font-size: 11px; color: #939393; padding-top: 3px; }
.update-item h3 { color: var(--ink-strong); font: 500 20px/1.35 var(--font-serif); margin: 0 0 7px; }
.update-item p { font-size: 12.5px; color: #878787; margin: 0; }

/* Writings */
.writing-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 25px; }
.writing-card { border: 1px solid var(--border); background: #fbfbfb; padding: 29px 31px; transition: box-shadow .2s; }
.writing-card[open] { box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(57, 57, 57, .055); }
.writing-card summary { list-style: none; cursor: pointer; }
.writing-card summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.writing-category { font-size: 10px; color: #7d7d7d; letter-spacing: .11em; font-weight: 800; text-transform: uppercase; }
.writing-card h3 { font: 500 28px/1.25 var(--font-serif); color: var(--ink-strong); letter-spacing: -.026em; margin: 23px 0 17px; }
.writing-summary { font-size: 13px; color: #7d7d7d; line-height: 1.74; min-height: 63px; margin-bottom: 25px; }
.writing-read { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; color: var(--green); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 750; border-top: 1px solid var(--border); padding-top: 16px; }
.writing-chevron { transition: transform .2s; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 400; }
.writing-card[open] .writing-chevron { transform: rotate(45deg); }
.writing-expanded { padding: 19px 0 2px; font-size: 13px; color: #757575; line-height: 1.8; }

/* Teaching */
.teaching-list { border-top: 1px solid #d7d7d7; }
.teaching-item { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; gap: 20px; padding: 23px 4px; border-bottom: 1px solid #d7d7d7; }
.teaching-item h3 { color: var(--ink-strong); font: 500 21px var(--font-serif); margin: 0; }
.teaching-item p { font-size: 12px; color: #898989; margin: 0; text-align: right; }
.teaching-index { color: #a8a8a8; font: 400 17px var(--font-serif); margin-right: 20px; }

/* Contact & footer */
.contact-section { padding-top: 85px; padding-bottom: 82px; }
.contact-panel { position: relative; overflow: hidden; display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(0, .9fr); align-items: end; gap: 55px; background: #424242; padding: 60px 69px; min-height: 305px; color: #f6f6f6; }
.contact-overline { color: #cccccc; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .18em; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 21px; }
.contact-panel h2 { font: 500 clamp(40px, 4.3vw, 57px)/1.12 var(--font-serif); letter-spacing: -.042em; margin: 0 0 20px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.contact-period { color: #b6b6b6; }
.contact-left > p:last-child { margin: 0; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; max-width: 350px; color: #d7d7d7; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.contact-right { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; padding-bottom: 4px; position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.contact-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .2em; color: #cccccc; }
.contact-email { display: block; max-width: 100%; word-break: break-word; margin: 13px 0 3px; font: 500 clamp(20px, 2.65vw, 32px)/1.5 var(--font-serif); border-bottom: 1px solid #a6a6a6; }
.contact-email:hover { color: #e1e1e1; }
.contact-email[aria-disabled="true"] { cursor: default; }
.email-note { font-size: 10px; color: #c4c4c4; margin-top: 9px; }
.social-links { display: flex; gap: 18px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 25px; }
.social-links a { color: #e7e7e7; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 5px; }
.contact-orbit { position: absolute; right: -19px; top: -98px; font-size: 290px; color: rgba(231, 231, 231, .035); line-height: 1; transform: rotate(19deg); pointer-events: none; }
.site-footer { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 25px; color: #949494; padding: 0 0 36px; font-size: 11px; }
.footer-symbol { color: var(--green); font-size: 17px; margin-right: 7px; vertical-align: -2px; }
.footer-copyright { margin-left: 7px; }
.site-footer p { margin: 0; }
.back-to-top { color: var(--green); font-weight: 750; }

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .shell { width: min(calc(100% - 64px), var(--max)); }
  .nav-shell { gap: 17px; }
  .primary-nav { gap: 15px; }
  .primary-nav a { font-size: 12px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 80px; padding-bottom: 80px; }
  .hero-title { font-size: clamp(62px, 8vw, 89px); }
  .about-layout { gap: 50px; }
}
@media (max-width: 890px) {
  .nav-shell { height: 75px; }
  .menu-toggle { display: flex; order: 2; margin-left: 5px; }
  .language-toggle { margin-left: auto; order: 1; }
  .primary-nav { position: absolute; top: 75px; left: 0; right: 0; display: none; flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; padding: 15px 32px 21px; gap: 0; background: var(--bg); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); box-shadow: 0 20px 35px rgba(48, 48, 48, .08); }
  .primary-nav.nav-open { display: flex; }
  .primary-nav a { font-size: 15px; padding: 11px 0; }
  .primary-nav a.active { box-shadow: none; }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:first-child { transform: translateY(6.7px) rotate(45deg); }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; }
  .menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:last-child { transform: translateY(-6.7px) rotate(-45deg); }
  .hero { padding-top: 65px; padding-bottom: 76px; }
  .hero-title { font-size: clamp(55px, 7.3vw, 77px); }
  .hero-other-name { font-size: 23px; margin-bottom: 17px; }
  .name-waveform { width: min(100%, 510px); margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .hero-intro { font-size: 22px; margin-top: 26px; }
  .section { padding-top: 85px; padding-bottom: 83px; }
  .research-card { padding: 22px 19px; }
  .research-card h3 { font-size: 23px; }
  .updates-layout { gap: 45px; }
  .contact-panel { padding: 48px 45px; }
}
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  html { scroll-padding-top: 75px; }
  .shell { width: min(calc(100% - 40px), var(--max)); }
  .nav-shell { height: 70px; }
  .brand-symbol { font-size: 28px; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 19px; }
  .brand-subtitle { font-size: 8px; }
  .primary-nav { top: 70px; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 51px; padding-bottom: 70px; }
  .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 24px; }
  .hero-prefix { font-size: 23px; }
  .hero-title { font-size: clamp(57px, 12vw, 81px); }
  .hero-other-name { font-size: 25px; }
  .name-waveform { max-width: 440px; margin-bottom: 22px; }
  .hero-intro { font-size: 24px; margin-top: 25px; max-width: 440px; }
  .hero-bottom-line { margin-top: 25px; }
  .section { padding-top: 74px; padding-bottom: 73px; }
  .section-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(37px, 8.3vw, 49px); }
  .section-heading-split { display: block; }
  .section-note { width: 100%; margin: 18px 0 0; }
  .about-layout { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 25px; }
  .profile-facts div { grid-template-columns: 115px 1fr; }
  .about-copy { font-size: 18px; }
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 13px; }
  .research-card { min-height: 215px; }
  .research-card h3 { margin-top: 22px; }
  .publication-toolbar { align-items: flex-start; }
  .publication-item { grid-template-columns: 65px 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .pub-year { font-size: 22px; }
  .pub-title { font-size: 19px; }
  .updates-layout { display: block; }
  .updates-section .section-heading { margin-bottom: 29px; }
  .updates-aside { margin-top: 15px; }
  .update-item { grid-template-columns: 91px 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .writing-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 14px; }
  .writing-card { padding: 24px; }
  .writing-summary { min-height: auto; }
  .teaching-item { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }
  .teaching-item p { margin-left: 37px; text-align: left; }
  .contact-section { padding-top: 68px; padding-bottom: 48px; }
  .contact-panel { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 37px; padding: 39px 28px; }
  .contact-panel h2 { font-size: clamp(40px, 9vw, 57px); }
  .site-footer { flex-wrap: wrap; padding-bottom: 25px; gap: 11px; }
  .site-footer p { order: 3; flex-basis: 100%; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: 0s !important; animation-duration: 0s !important; }
}

/* Chinese typography: balanced headings and line breaks */
html[lang="zh-CN"] .hero-title { letter-spacing: .005em; font-weight: 500; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .hero-other-name { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: .01em; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .section-heading h2,
html[lang="zh-CN"] .contact-panel h2 { letter-spacing: -.01em; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .hero-prefix { font-style: normal; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .name-waveform figcaption { font-style: normal; }
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  html[lang="zh-CN"] .hero-title { font-size: clamp(55px, 12vw, 77px); }
}

/* Aliang Li: extended academic sections, using the original understated visual system. */
.research-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
.research-card { min-height: 252px; }
.research-card h3 { margin-top: 23px; }
.focus-languages { border-top: 1px solid #dcdcdc; margin-top: 35px; padding-top: 19px; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 25px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.focus-label { color: #7a7a7a; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: .13em; font-weight: 800; margin-top: 8px; min-width: 186px; }
.focus-tags { display: flex; gap: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; flex: 1; }
.focus-tags span { padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d5d5; color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 12px; border-radius: 99px; }
.pub-year { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.pub-status { display: inline-block; background: #ededed; color: #636363; font-size: 10px; border-radius: 3px; padding: 3px 7px; }
.talks-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .75fr) minmax(0, 1.25fr); gap: 85px; }
.talks-layout .section-heading { margin: 0; }
.talks-content { min-width: 0; }
.talks-content .update-date { font: 500 21px/1.2 var(--font-serif); color: #a7a7a7; }
.talks-content .update-item { grid-template-columns: 75px minmax(0, 1fr); }
.talks-content .update-item h3 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5; }
.show-more { display: inline-flex; padding: 11px 2px 5px; margin-top: 15px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #929292; background: transparent; color: var(--green); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; cursor: pointer; }
.show-more:hover { color: #2f2f2f; }
.awards-block { margin-top: 0; padding: 31px 36px 35px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: #f9f9f9; }
.award-item { border-top: 1px solid var(--border); display: grid; grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr; gap: 25px; padding: 17px 0; }
.award-item:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.award-item span { color: #868686; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; }
.award-item p { color: #646464; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; line-height: 1.65; }
.hero-institution { max-width: 800px; }
html[lang="zh-CN"] .research-card h3 { letter-spacing: .01em; }
@media (max-width: 950px) {
  .talks-layout { gap: 40px; }
}
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-card { min-height: 215px; }
  .focus-languages { display: block; }
  .focus-label { display: block; margin-bottom: 14px; }
  .talks-layout { display: block; }
  .talks-layout .section-heading { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .talks-content .update-item { grid-template-columns: 59px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .talks-content .update-item h3 { font-size: 17px; }
  .awards-block { padding: 24px 21px; }
  .award-item { grid-template-columns: 53px 1fr; gap: 12px; }
  .pub-year { font-size: 20px; }
  html[lang="zh-CN"] .hero-title { font-size: clamp(61px, 13vw, 86px); }
  .hero-intro { font-size: 22px; }
}

/* English homepage: display the romanized and Chinese names on the same line.
   Inspired by the supplied reference, while retaining the existing site identity. */
html[lang="en"] .hero-prefix { display: none; }
html[lang="en"] .hero-title-bilingual {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0 .19em;
  font-size: clamp(42px, 5.8vw, 77px);
  line-height: 1.25;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: -.046em;
  margin: 0 0 24px;
  color: #2f2f2f;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
}
.hero-title-bilingual .hero-name-latin { white-space: nowrap; }
.hero-title-bilingual .hero-name-separator {
  font-family: Georgia, serif;
  font-size: .58em;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  align-self: baseline;
}
.hero-title-bilingual .hero-name-cn {
  font-family: 'Songti SC', 'STSong', 'Noto Serif CJK SC', 'SimSun', serif;
  font-size: .92em;
  font-weight: 700;
  white-space: nowrap;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
}
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  html[lang="en"] .hero-title-bilingual {
    font-size: clamp(28px, 8.6vw, 56px);
    gap: 0 .13em;
    line-height: 1.22;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
}
/* Keep the language selector and menu usable on very narrow phones. */
@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .nav-shell { gap: 7px; }
  .brand { gap: 7px; }
  .brand-symbol { font-size: 23px; }
  .brand-name { font-size: 17px; }
  .brand-subtitle { display: none; }
  .language-toggle { padding: 5px 6px; gap: 4px; }
  .lang-button { font-size: 10px; }
  .menu-toggle { margin-left: 0; width: 32px; padding: 6px; }
}

/* Author-supplied paper PDFs: compact in-line link immediately after each title. */
.pub-pdf-link {
  display: inline;
  white-space: nowrap;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: .68em;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .01em;
  color: var(--green);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  padding: 1px 0;
}
.pub-pdf-link:hover { color: #767676; }
.pub-pdf-link:focus-visible { border-radius: 2px; }
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  .pub-pdf-link { font-size: .72em; }
  .pub-heading .text-link { margin-top: 18px; }
}


/* ==================================================================
   MONOCHROME ACADEMIC THEME
   White canvas, black/charcoal type, quiet grey rules and accents.
   This layer changes presentation only, not the academic content.
   ================================================================== */
:root {
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #ffffff;
  --ink: #343434;
  --ink-strong: #171717;
  --ink-muted: #696969;
  --green: #242424;
  --green-dark: #171717;
  --accent: #666666;
  --border: #e1e1e1;
  --white: #ffffff;
}
body { background: #fff; color: var(--ink); }
button:focus-visible, a:focus-visible, summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #444;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
::selection { background: #e8e8e8; color: #141414; }
.skip-link { border-color: #252525; }
.top-rule { display: none; }

/* Clean and unadorned header */
.site-header { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .97); backdrop-filter: none; border-bottom: 1px solid #e7e7e7; }
.nav-shell { height: 76px; }
.brand { gap: 0; }
.brand-symbol { display: none; }
.brand-name { color: #151515; font-weight: 650; }
.brand-subtitle { color: #818181; letter-spacing: .16em; }
.primary-nav a { color: #585858; font-weight: 500; }
.primary-nav a:hover, .primary-nav a.active { color: #171717; }
.primary-nav a.active { box-shadow: 0 1px 0 #444; }
.language-toggle { border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-radius: 3px; padding: 5px 8px; }
.lang-button { color: #888; }
.lang-button.active { color: #111; }
.language-divider { color: #b3b3b3; }
.primary-nav.nav-open { box-shadow: none; background: #fff; }

/* Generous typography instead of colored decoration */
.hero { padding-top: 83px; padding-bottom: 83px; }
.hero-content { max-width: 820px; }
.eyebrow { color: #747474; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 30px; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.eyebrow-line { display: none; }
.hero-prefix { color: #666; }
.hero-title, html[lang="en"] .hero-title-bilingual { color: #161616; }
html[lang="en"] .hero-title-bilingual { font-weight: 600; }
.hero-title-bilingual .hero-name-cn { font-weight: 600; }
.hero-other-name { color: #686868; }
.name-waveform { max-width: 490px; }
.name-waveform img { filter: grayscale(1); opacity: .83; }
.name-waveform figcaption { color: #858585; }
.hero-role { color: #252525; font-weight: 600; }
.hero-institution { color: #707070; }
.hero-intro { color: #3f3f3f; font-size: clamp(20px, 1.95vw, 25px); }
.hero-actions { gap: 25px; }
.button { min-height: 34px; gap: 10px; font-size: 13px; transition: color .15s ease; }
.button:hover { transform: none; }
.button-dark, .button-plain {
  background: transparent; color: #222; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #929292;
  padding: 0; border-radius: 0;
}
.button-dark:hover, .button-plain:hover { background: transparent; color: #000; border-bottom-color: #222; }
.hero-bottom-line { color: #848484; margin-top: 24px; }
.status-dot { display: none; }
.marquee-divider { display: block; height: 1px; background: #d8d8d8; margin-bottom: 0; }
.marquee-divider span { display: none !important; }

/* Editorial sections without tinted bands */
.section { padding-top: 83px; padding-bottom: 78px; }
.section-tinted { background: #fff; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e7e7e7; }
.section-heading { margin-bottom: 35px; }
.section-number { color: #898989; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 13px; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.section-heading h2 { color: #171717; font-size: clamp(36px, 3.85vw, 51px); font-weight: 500; }
.title-dot { color: #171717; }
.section-note, .updates-aside { color: #717171; }
.side-label { color: #757575; }
.profile-facts dt { color: #888; }
.profile-facts dd { color: #414141; }
.about-copy { color: #333; }

/* Research becomes a two-column text index, not a card grid */
.research-grid { gap: 28px 40px; }
.research-card {
  min-height: 220px; padding: 21px 0 12px; background: transparent;
  border: 0; border-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3;
  transition: none;
}
.research-card:hover { transform: none; box-shadow: none; }
.research-number { color: #9d9d9d; font: 500 14px/1.2 var(--font-serif); }
.research-card h3 { color: #1f1f1f; margin: 15px 0 12px; font-size: 23px; }
.research-card p { color: #5a5a5a; font-size: 13px; }
.research-tags { gap: 9px; }
.research-tags span { border: 0; border-radius: 0; padding: 0; color: #737373; background: transparent; font-size: 11px; }
.research-tags span:not(:last-child)::after { content: ' ·'; color: #aaa; }
.focus-languages { border-top-color: #dddddd; }
.focus-label { color: #777; }
.focus-tags { gap: 12px; }
.focus-tags span { color: #616161; border: 0; border-radius: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 12px; }
.focus-tags span:not(:last-child)::after { content: '  /'; color: #bbb; }

/* Publications: restrained black links, simple dividers */
.text-link { color: #2b2b2b; font-weight: 600; border-bottom-color: #9c9c9c; }
.publication-toolbar > p { color: #7a7a7a; }
.filter-button { color: #737373; font-weight: 600; border-radius: 2px; }
.filter-button:hover { color: #171717; }
.filter-button.selected { color: #1a1a1a; background: #f2f2f2; border-color: #e0e0e0; }
.pub-year { color: #858585; }
.pub-type { color: #707070; }
.pub-sample { color: #707070; background: #f2f2f2; }
.pub-status { color: #595959; background: #f2f2f2; border-radius: 2px; }
.pub-title { color: #202020; }
.pub-authors { color: #484848; }
.pub-venue { color: #727272; }
.pub-pdf-link, .pub-links a { color: #252525; }
.pub-pdf-link:hover, .pub-links a:hover { color: #000; }
.publication-endnote { color: #858585; }

/* Talks and awards: typographic lists rather than colored panels */
.updates-list { border-top-color: #d9d9d9; }
.update-item { border-bottom-color: #dfdfdf; }
.update-date, .talks-content .update-date { color: #8a8a8a; }
.update-item h3 { color: #252525; }
.update-item p { color: #727272; }
.show-more { color: #292929; border-bottom-color: #888; }
.show-more:hover { color: #000; }
.awards-block { background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; }
.award-item:first-child { border-top-color: #d3d3d3; }
.award-item { border-top-color: #e0e0e0; }
.award-item span { color: #777; }
.award-item p { color: #454545; }

/* Contact is an ordinary text section; no contrasting color block */
.contact-section { padding-top: 75px; padding-bottom: 74px; }
.contact-panel {
  min-height: 0; background: transparent; color: #222;
  border-top: 1px solid #d0d0d0; padding: 42px 0 0;
}
.contact-overline { color: #888; }
.contact-panel h2 { color: #171717; }
.contact-period { color: #171717; }
.contact-left > p:last-child { color: #5c5c5c; }
.contact-label { color: #777; }
.contact-email { color: #222; border-bottom-color: #999; }
.contact-email:hover { color: #000; }
.email-note { color: #777; }
.social-links a { color: #373737; }
.contact-orbit { display: none; }
.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; padding-top: 22px; color: #838383; }
.footer-symbol { display: none; }
.back-to-top { color: #444; }

@media (max-width: 890px) {
  .nav-shell { height: 72px; }
  .primary-nav { top: 72px; }
  .primary-nav a.active { box-shadow: none; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
}
@media (max-width: 690px) {
  .nav-shell { height: 66px; }
  .primary-nav { top: 66px; }
  .hero { padding-top: 47px; padding-bottom: 58px; }
  .hero-intro { font-size: 21px; }
  .section { padding-top: 64px; padding-bottom: 61px; }
  .section-heading h2 { font-size: clamp(33px, 8vw, 45px); }
  .research-grid { gap: 8px; }
  .research-card { min-height: 0; padding: 20px 0 21px; }
  .research-card h3 { font-size: 22px; }
  .contact-section { padding-top: 62px; padding-bottom: 48px; }
  .contact-panel { padding: 34px 0 0; gap: 28px; }
}